What does the term "shoving movement" mean under NORAC guidelines?

The term "shoving movement" under NORAC guidelines specifically refers to a scenario where equipment is pushed rather than pulled by a locomotive. This is an important distinction because the dynamics, visibility, and safety considerations of pushing equipment differ significantly from those of pulling it. When a locomotive shoves cars, the engineer may not have a clear line of sight to the rear, where the equipment is being pushed, making it essential to follow specific procedures and protocols for safe operation.

In contrast, movements where cars are pulled by a locomotive involve the engineer facing forward and having a clear view of the track ahead, which typically allows for different operational protocols. The other options presented describe concepts that don't directly align with the specific definition of a shoving movement, thus underscoring the importance of the pushing aspect in this context. Understanding this definition is crucial for train operators and crew members to ensure safe practices while working with railway equipment.