What actions should be taken during a train emergency according to NORAC?

In the context of train emergencies, activating the emergency communication system and assessing the situation is crucial. This action allows for immediate communication with dispatch and other relevant parties, enabling a coordinated response to the emergency. By activating the emergency communication system, the crew ensures that they can report the nature of the emergency, provide their location, and receive any necessary instructions.

Assessing the situation is also vital because it helps the crew understand the extent of the problem, the safety of passengers, and any immediate risks. This combined approach can lead to quicker decision-making and potentially mitigate further danger.

The other choices do not prioritize immediate safety and communication. Waiting for instructions from dispatch without first assessing the situation can lead to delays that may exacerbate the emergency. Continuing normal operations in the face of an emergency is clearly unsafe and runs contrary to established safety protocols. Calling for backup personnel might be necessary, but it should come after evaluating the situation and making initial contact through the emergency communication system. Thus, the correct action in an emergency scenario is to activate the communication system and assess the situation promptly.